{"id":15447,"date":"2023-11-08T13:15:04","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T12:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/portfolio\/beschlussmaengelrecht-gesellschafterstreit-copy\/"},"modified":"2025-12-14T17:13:20","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T16:13:20","slug":"verhalten-vor-gericht","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/portfolio\/verhalten-vor-gericht\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide to \"correct\" behaviour in court"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-60484895 default uagb-is-root-container\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fallstricke-in-der-mundlichen-verhandlung\">Pitfalls in the hearing<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:1000px;height:400px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In German civil proceedings, the oral hearing is prepared by the parties' pleadings. This is even expressly regulated in Section 129 subsection 1 of the German Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO). Lawyers' proceedings mean that the parties to a legal dispute must be represented by lawyers in order to be able to appear in court and take effective procedural action. Even in proceedings in which the parties could - theoretically - represent themselves (party proceedings), the oral hearing is usually prepared by the pleadings, as the parties will regularly be represented by lawyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Durch das Stellen der Antr\u00e4ge wird die m\u00fcndliche Verhandlung eingeleitet (\u00a7&nbsp;137&nbsp;Abs.&nbsp;1&nbsp;ZPO). \u00c4hnlich ist es auch im verwaltungsgerichtlichen- (\u00a7&nbsp;103&nbsp;Abs.&nbsp;3&nbsp;VwGO), sozialgerichtlichen- (\u00a7&nbsp;112&nbsp;Abs.&nbsp;2&nbsp;und&nbsp;3&nbsp;SGG), arbeitsgerichtlichen- (\u00a7&nbsp;46&nbsp;Abs.&nbsp;2&nbsp;ArbGG) und finanzgerichtlichen (\u00a7&nbsp;92&nbsp;Abs.&nbsp;3&nbsp;FGO) Verfahren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, criminal proceedings are an exception. After the conclusion of the taking of evidence, the representative of the public prosecutor's office and the defence lawyer each make their closing statements. However, the defence lawyer is not obliged to make a specific motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regardless of the type of proceedings, the importance of the oral hearing should not be underestimated. Avoidable mistakes made in the oral hearing can undo all of the lawyer's preparatory work in the written pleadings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ein guter Rechtsanwalt verinnerlicht nicht nur den Inhalt der jeweiligen Akten, sondern bereitet die eigene Mandantschaft auf eine bevorstehende m\u00fcndliche Verhandlung vor. Gerade im Strafverfahren ist es entscheidend, fr\u00fchzeitig einen <strong><a href=\"\/en_gb\/strafverteidiger-duesseldorf\/\">Strafverteidiger in D\u00fcsseldorf<\/a><\/strong> einzuschalten, um vermeidbare Fehler in der Hauptverhandlung zu verhindern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In detail:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-verhalten-wahrend-einer-strafverfahrensrechtlichen-verhandlung\">I. Behaviour during a criminal trial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. in General<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Angeklagte muss sich vor Gericht zur Sache nicht einlassen. Dem Angeklagten steht das Recht zum Schweigen zu, da niemand gezwungen werden kann, sich selbst zu belasten (lat.:&nbsp;nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare). Dieses Recht ist unabdingbar f\u00fcr ein faires Verfahren (Art. 6 EMRK) und Auspr\u00e4gung des Rechtsstaatsprinzips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A defendant only has to provide information about his personal circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the first and last name;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the birthday;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the place of birth;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the marital status;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the profession;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the place of residence and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the nationality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If a defendant provides false information about their personal circumstances or refuses to provide this information, this constitutes an administrative offence under Section 111 OWiG and can be punished with a fine of up to EUR 1,000.00.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. pleading the case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the indictment has been read out and the court has stated whether or not discussions have taken place in accordance with sections 202a and 212 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the defendant is asked whether he wishes to comment on the case (the accusation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can only recommend that every defendant refrain from commenting in any way on the case and thus on the accusation. Experience simply shows that defendants regularly \"talk their heads off\" during an oral hearing and the associated excitement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob und in welchem Umfang eine Einlassung sinnvoll ist, sollte immer individuell mit einem <strong><a href=\"\/en_gb\/strafverteidiger-duesseldorf\/\">Anwalt f\u00fcr Strafrecht in D\u00fcsseldorf<\/a><\/strong> besprochen werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Experience also shows that the courts generally use the defendant's statements against them. If the evidence is thin and an acquittal is \"imminent\", some judges resort to \"bombarding\" the defendant with questions. This is done in the hope that the defendant will contradict himself on certain points or make statements about the events before and\/or after the offence, which in turn are held against any witness for the defence in order to convict him of an alleged lie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The more intensively a defendant engages, the more vulnerable he makes himself and his potential defence witnesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, we have also seen judges try to ignore the defence lawyer and ask the defendant direct questions about the case and the defendant reacts to this in the excitement. As the defendant, you have to try to keep a cool head. In such a situation, it is advisable to look at the defence lawyer so that he can respond to the question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ii-verhalten-wahrend-einer-zivilverfahrensrechtlichen-verhandlung\">II. Behaviour during a civil procedure hearing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast to criminal proceedings, a party to a civil legal dispute does not have the \u2018luxury\u2019 of being able to invoke any right to remain silent. Under German civil procedural law, every party is obliged to make a complete and truthful statement of facts in accordance with Section 138 subsection 1 ZPO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A breach of the duty to tell the truth can lead to the respective party being prosecuted for attempted or completed procedural fraud. If a lawyer intentionally makes untrue statements in favour of their client, this constitutes a criminal offence of aiding and abetting. In the worst case, this can even lead to the lawyer being disbarred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During an oral hearing, the court may put questions to the parties (Section 141 ZPO). If a party refuses to answer questions, this can be assessed to the detriment of the respective party as part of the free judicial assessment of evidence (Section 286 ZPO). To the extent permitted by law, the parties may also ask each other questions, provided that the question is not merely intended to elicit information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Investigation always occurs when a party arbitrarily makes any allegations in order to obtain factual information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iii-mundliche-verhandlung-bei-den-ubrigen-gerichtsbarkeiten\">III. Oral proceedings in the other jurisdictions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the other jurisdictions, the courts can also hear the parties or parties involved at any time for information on certain matters. The respective client should always be made aware of this so that they can prepare themselves adequately and do not feel taken by surprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iv-fazit\">IV. Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In view of the above, it should be noted that clients who have little or no court experience in particular must be adequately informed about the course of the hearing. In particular, it should be discussed before an oral hearing what the client should do if they are unsure about how to proceed. After all, it is better to be safe than sorry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Tolga Topuz<br>Lawyer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Topuz Law - Law firm from D\u00fcsseldorf -<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fallstricke in der m\u00fcndlichen Verhandlung Im deutschen Zivilprozess wird die m\u00fcndliche Verhandlung durch die Schrifts\u00e4tze der Parteien vorbereitet. F\u00fcr den Anwaltsprozess ist dies sogar ausdr\u00fccklich in \u00a7&nbsp;129&nbsp;Abs.&nbsp;1&nbsp;ZPO geregelt. Anwaltsprozess bedeutet, dass sich die Parteien eines Rechtsstreites zwingend durch Rechtsanw\u00e4lte vertreten lassen m\u00fcssen, um vor Gericht erscheinen und wirksam Prozesshandlungen vornehmen zu k\u00f6nnen. Auch in Verfahren, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[247,251,248,246],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemeines-zivilrecht","category-portfolio","category-prozessrecht","category-strafrecht"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Leitfaden zum \u201erichtigen&quot; Verhalten vor Gericht<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Im deutschen Zivilprozess wird die m\u00fcndliche Verhandlung durch die Schrifts\u00e4tze der Parteien vorbereitet. 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F\u00fcr den Anwaltsprozess ist ...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/portfolio\/verhalten-vor-gericht\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Leitfaden zum \u201erichtigen\" Verhalten vor Gericht","og_description":"Im deutschen Zivilprozess wird die m\u00fcndliche Verhandlung durch die Schrifts\u00e4tze der Parteien vorbereitet. 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Spezialisiert auf das Handels- und Gesellschaftsrecht, allgemeines Zivilrecht, Prozessf\u00fchrung, Arbeitsrecht und Strafrecht.","email":"info@topuz-law.de","telephone":"021143637831","legalName":"Kanzlei Topuz Law, Rechtsanwalt Tolga Topuz","foundingDate":"2023-05-01","vatID":"DE362946119","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"1","maxValue":"10"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/#\/schema\/person\/41d9d01511d59a654caf51d894a07a61","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f35da6325cffd55e535673f6727902de7f79b20e1f50b8677b13425728707a7e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f35da6325cffd55e535673f6727902de7f79b20e1f50b8677b13425728707a7e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f35da6325cffd55e535673f6727902de7f79b20e1f50b8677b13425728707a7e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de"],"url":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-scaled.webp",2560,1707,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-300x200.webp",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-768x512.webp",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-1024x683.webp",1024,683,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-1536x1024.webp",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-2048x1365.webp",2048,1365,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/chess-4794265-18x12.webp",18,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Fallstricke in der m\u00fcndlichen Verhandlung Im deutschen Zivilprozess wird die m\u00fcndliche Verhandlung durch die Schrifts\u00e4tze der Parteien vorbereitet. F\u00fcr den Anwaltsprozess ist dies sogar ausdr\u00fccklich in \u00a7&nbsp;129&nbsp;Abs.&nbsp;1&nbsp;ZPO geregelt. Anwaltsprozess bedeutet, dass sich die Parteien eines Rechtsstreites zwingend durch Rechtsanw\u00e4lte vertreten lassen m\u00fcssen, um vor Gericht erscheinen und wirksam Prozesshandlungen vornehmen zu k\u00f6nnen. Auch in Verfahren,&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15447"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15447\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topuz-law.de\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}